INTERNATIONAL LAW & MANAGEMENT REVIEW VOLUME11 effective monitoring system to ensure that economic and social rights are being implemented. States are also obliged to prevent and investigate violations, bring to justice and punish the perpetrators, and provide reparations for harm and injuries caused. The Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights specify in Article 13 that: States must desist from acts and omissions that create a real risk of nullifying or impairing the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights extraterritorially. The responsibility of States is engaged where such nullification or impairment is a foreseeable result of their conduct. Uncertainty about potential impacts does not constitute justification for such conduct. For instance, the CESCR Committee asked Germany, "to do all it can to ensure that the policies and decisions of those organizations are in conformity with the obligations of States parties to the Covenant, in particular the obligations concerning international assistance and cooperation." 90 Such an obligation to respect suggests that states must undertake extraterritorial due diligence over corporations on their territory to ensure that they comply with human rights obligations regarding the reasonable minimum core of economic and social rights, and do everything possible to avoid causing harm. All in all, state practice appears to be emerging in relation to extraterritorial obligation to respect. The next section discusses the extraterritorial obligation of states to protect economic and social rights. The obligation of states to protect the reasonable minimum core of economic and social rights includes protecting the individual and collective enjoyment of economic and social rights. For instance, the Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area 90Comm. on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration Of Reports Submitted ByParties Under Articles 16 and 17 Of The Covenant, E/C.12/I/Add.68, para. 31 (Sept. 24 2001). See also Comm. on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration Of Reports Submitted ByParties Under Articles 16 and 17 Of The Covenant E/C.12/I/Add.54, para. 31 (Dec. 1, 2000); Comm. on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration Of Reports Submitted ByParties Under Articles 16 and 17 Of The Covenant, E/C.12/l/Add.43, para. 20 (May 23, 2000); Comm. on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration Of Reports Submitted ByParties Under Articles 16 and 17 Of The Covenant, E/C.12/l/Add.70, para.24 (Nov. 30, 2001); Comm. on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration Of Reports Submitted ByParties Under Articles 16 and 17 Of The Covenant, E/C.12/1/Add.72, para.32 (Nov. 30, 2001); Comm. on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration Of Reports Submitted ByParties Under Articles 16 and 17 Of The Covenant, E/C.12/l/Add.77, para.37 (June 5, 2002); Comm. on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration Of Reports Submitted ByParties Under Articles 16 and 17 Of The Covenant, E/C.12/Il/Add.79, para.26 (June 5, 2002); It is also notable that the Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights deem a human rights violation of omission, "[t]he failure of a State to take into account its international legal obligations in the field of economic, social and cultural rights when entering into bilateral or multilateral agreements with other States, international organizations or multinational corporations" Office of The United Commissioner For Human Rights, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Handbook for National Human Rights Institutions, U.N. Sales No. E.04.XIV.8 (2005).