A/HRC/11/9 page 13 immigrant populations). Where appropriate, technological measures to facilitate access to the programmes should be put into place. For example, in various states of South Africa, the population can access information about grants and entitlements through toll-free phones. 42. Information is not sufficient to ensure accessibility and that all eligible persons are actually in a position to claim their benefits. CTPs’ outreach must also incorporate measures to remove any physical, cultural, geographical and other impediments to access by certain groups who face particular obstacles: in particular, persons with disabilities, the elderly, indigenous peoples, minorities or people with HIV/AIDS. Special measures should be taken for administrators to reach beneficiaries living in remote rural areas. 43. With proper guarantees against abuse, there should be ways and means for potential or actual beneficiaries to be represented by others. This is particularly important for the elderly and persons with disabilities. Accessibility also requires removing administrative barriers that may have a disproportionate impact on the extremely poor, such as requiring identification documents for registration when such documents are costly or are required in countries where many persons are not registered at birth. C. Ensuring accountability, transparency and access to information 44. The direct transfer of cash to a large number of beneficiaries raises concerns about potential abuses by the programme administrators. It is essential that all CTPs have accountability mechanisms in order to avoid corruption, abuse, mismanagement and political manipulation. Transparency and access to information are essential elements of accountability. 45. Transparency means that beneficiaries - and society at large - should be able to identify the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders (at both the national and local level). There should also be transparency in regard to several components of the CTPs, such as targeting mechanisms, eligibility criteria, benefits, complaints mechanisms, and avenues for redress. As such, the first requirement is that the legal and institutional framework of a CTP is clear and public. 46. In order to safeguard against abuse and maladministration, CTPs should have built-in mechanisms for the disclosure of information about every step of implementation. Beneficiaries and the whole society must have access to information about the design of CTPs as well as about how the authorities are discharging their obligations. Information on the results of monitoring and evaluations should also be made available. Information must be accessible culturally appropriate and provided in a manner which is also accessible to the illiterate. 47. CTPs without accountability and redress mechanisms are less likely to be understood in terms of entitlements and rights and are rather more likely to be viewed as instruments of clientelism, which can be manipulated by political actors. Independent and effective mechanisms to monitor the administration of programmes and to collect and process complaints are essential to prevent abuses. Such mechanisms are essential in particular for the review of three key elements: qualification under the programme, the maintenance of the programme (to report instances of demands of inappropriate work, political support, demands for money, threats, or sexual harassment) and the supervision of payment procedures. These mechanisms not only enhance the protection of the beneficiaries but they also contribute to improving the efficiency of a CTP.