A/HRC/RES/16/1 implementation of human rights education and training by appropriate means, including the adoption of legislative and administrative measures and policies. 4. States, and where applicable relevant governmental authorities, should ensure adequate training in human rights and, where appropriate, international humanitarian law and international criminal law, of State officials, civil servants, judges, law enforcement officials and military personnel, as well as promote adequate training in human rights for teachers, trainers and other educators and private personnel acting on behalf of the State. Article 8 l. States should develop, or promote the development of, at the appropriate level, strategies and policies and, where appropriate, action plans and programmes to implement human rights education and training, such as through its integration into school and training curricula. In so doing, they should take into account the World Programme for Human Rights Education and specific national and local needs and priorities. 2. The conception, implementation and evaluation of and follow-up to such strategies, action plans, policies and programmes should involve all relevant stakeholders, including the private sector, civil society and national human rights institutions, by promoting, where appropriate, multi-stakeholder initiatives. Article 9 States should promote the establishment, development and strengthening of effective and independent national human rights institutions, in compliance with the Paris Principles, recognizing that national human rights institutions can play an important role, including, where necessary, a coordinating role, in promoting human rights education and training by, inter alia, raising awareness and mobilizing relevant public and private actors. Article 10 1. Various actors within society, including, inter alia, educational institutions, the media, families, local communities, civil society institutions, including non-governmental organizations, human rights defenders and the private sector have an important role to play in promoting and providing human rights education and training. 2. Civil society institutions, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders are encouraged to ensure adequate human rights education and training for their staff and personnel. Article 11 The United Nations and international and regional organizations should provide human rights education and training for their civilian personnel, and military and police personnel serving under their mandates. Article 12 1. International cooperation at all levels should support and reinforce national efforts, including, where applicable, at the local level, to implement human rights education and training. 2. Complementary and coordinated efforts at the international, regional, national and local levels can contribute to more effective implementation of human rights education and training. 6