A/68/293 excluded persons and/or people living in extreme poverty, for example by adapting surveys for illiterate respondents. Time-use surveys can also be collected as modules in household surveys and in general labour force surveys, with a view to generating quality data. 85 81. Careful measurement of unpaid care work will allow a more comprehensive vision of socioeconomic and gender inequalities and the characteristics of poverty. States should consider adopting a multidimensional measure of poverty that includes time poverty and distribution of unpaid work time. 86 82. Improving recognition of unpaid care work also necessitates making the data collected available and accessible, and informing and sensitizing public officials and the general public about the distribution, importance and effects of such work. The data collected should be used to assess the impact of economic and social policies on the intensity and distribution of unpaid care work in the household. It should be used proactively in gender-sensitive policymaking, including budgeting. To this end, it will be necessary to train policymakers and public officials to understand the data, and enhance their capacity to analyse it and use it in policy, programming and budgeting. C. Applying a care perspective in policymaking 83. States must ensure that a consideration of care work, and its gendered distribution and impact, is systematically integrated into policies across all relevant sectors, including macroeconomic policies. 84. States should take a comprehensive and holistic approach, considering both the needs and well-being of caregivers and care receivers when making policy and addressing the rights enjoyment of both groups. Before new public policies are implemented, their impact on the quality, amount, intensity and distribution of unpaid care work should be assessed. 85. Fiscal and macroeconomic policies are no exception. In order to better uphold the human rights of women caregivers living in poverty, States should, inter alia, design tax systems to proactively promote an equal sharing of both paid and unpaid work between women and men, and implement food and fuel price stabilization policies. Especially given the effects of unpaid care on productivity and the labour force, States should analyse and design macroeconomic policy taking into account unpaid care. Expenditure cuts must not be made in ways that add to the amount of unpaid work that women have to do in families and communities. Similarly, employment creation programmes must not ignore the reality of unpaid care work, as the long-term effects of precarious work, and care deficits to children, ill or elderly persons may far outweigh the short-term gains in income for individuals or countries. 86. All policies and programmes across all sectors should challenge gender stereotypes related to unpaid care work and promote its more equal __________________ 85 86 20/24 See Valerie Esquivel, Debbie Budlender, Nancy Folbre and Indira Hirway, “Explorations: timeuse surveys in the south”, Feminist Economics, vol. 14, No. 3 (2008). See Rania Antonopoulos, Thomas Masterson and Ajit Zacharias, The Interlocking of Time and Income Deficits: Revisiting Poverty Measurement, Informing Policy Responses (UNDP, 2012). 13-42271