E/C.12/2002/11
Page 3
14, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women stipulates that States parties shall ensure to women the right to “enjoy
adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to […] water supply”. Article 24,
paragraph 2, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child requires States parties to
combat disease and malnutrition “through the provision of adequate nutritious foods
and clean drinking-water”.
5.
The right to water has been consistently addressed by the Committee during
its consideration of States parties’ reports, in accordance with its revised general
guidelines regarding the form and content of reports to be submitted by States parties
under articles 16 and 17 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights, and its general comments.
6.
Water is required for a range of different purposes, besides personal and
domestic uses, to realize many of the Covenant rights. For instance, water is necessary
to produce food (right to adequate food) and ensure environmental hygiene (right to
health). Water is essential for securing livelihoods (right to gain a living by work) and
enjoying certain cultural practices (right to take part in cultural life). Nevertheless,
priority in the allocation of water must be given to the right to water for personal and
domestic uses. Priority should also be given to the water resources required to prevent
starvation and disease, as well as water required to meet the core obligations of each
of the Covenant rights. 6
Water and Covenant rights
7.
The Committee notes the importance of ensuring sustainable access to water
resources for agriculture to realize the right to adequate food (see General Comment
Plata Action Plan of the United Nations Water Conference; see para. 18.47 of Agenda
21, Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio
de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992 (A/CONF.151/26/Rev.1 (Vol. I and Vol. I/Corr.1, Vol. II,
Vol. III and Vol. III/Corr.1) (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8), vol I:
Resolutions adopted by the Conference, resolution 1, annex II; Principle No. 3, The
Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development, International Conference
on Water and the Environment (A/CONF.151/PC/112); Principle No. 2, Programme
of Action, Report of the United Nations International Conference on Population and
Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No.
E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1, annex; paras. 5 and 19, Recommendation (2001)
14 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the European Charter on
Water Resources; resolution 2002/6 of the United Nations Sub-Commission on the
Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on the promotion of the realization of the
right to drinking water. See also the report on the relationship between the enjoyment
of economic, social and cultural rights and the promotion of the realization of the right
to drinking water supply and sanitation (E/CN.4/Sub.2/2002/10) submitted by the
Special Rapporteur of the Sub-Commission on the right to drinking water supply and
sanitation, Mr. El Hadji Guissé.
6
See also World Summit on Sustainable Development, Plan of Implementation 2002,
paragraph 25 (c).