A/70/203 will be the monitoring of inequalities, which will monitor access to services by disadvantaged groups compared to more advantaged groups. It should consider different dimensions of inequalities (for example, types of services, quality, affordability) and different comparison groups (for example, urban vs. rural, levels of wealth, gender, disability and ethnicity and other grounds). The pro posed sustainable development goal 10 demands the monitoring of inequalities, which could be integrated into monitoring for access to water, sanitation and hygiene. 95. In parallel, WHO and UN-Water monitor resources that flow into the sector and legislation, policies and regulatory frameworks that have been adopted. These assessments provide useful data to identify ways in which States meet their human rights obligations, particularly allowing to follow up the progressive realization of the rights. 96. The Special Rapporteur encourages States to develop more specific monitoring processes, considering the relevant indicators for their specific context. A central tenet of such processes is not only to monitor whether certain benchmarks have been met and reward States for meeting these targets, but also to measure the progress States make. Such a measurement would acknowledge that States have very different starting points and baselines for achieving universal access to water and sanitation. Looking at the Millennium Development Goals, they did not reward progress in countries that started from a very low baseline, even if their efforts were tremendous. Ethiopia, for example, improved access to sanitation from 3 per cent in 1990 to 21 per cent in 2010, thus making significant progress, but falling short of the Millennium Development Goals target. 17 One shortcoming of the Millennium Development Goals measure is that such progress is not acknowledged, and monitoring fails to give justice to the concept of the prog ressive realization of human rights. The Special Rapporteur encourages States to develop models that can associate a given type of service with the realization of the rights to water and sanitation, while carefully taking into consideration the context in which it is applied. 97. In the context of the sustainable development goals, for future review and follow-up, the Special Rapporteur encourages States to use and adapt existing platforms or partnerships for accountability. This may include using the universal periodic review in the Human Rights Council as a model. Such a platform should establish a country-led review process, which includes international and civil society organizations, and assesses progress and bottlenecks. VI. Conclusion and recommendations 98. In conclusion, this report indicates the relevance of the discussion of types of services to the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation. While the relationship between any particular technological option and its performance is largely dependent on the management model that accompanies it and the context within which it is carried out, the type of service used may, in and of itself, weigh on the realization of these rights. A vital message to retain is that the selection of type of service and management model for a given __________________ 17 15-12500 See WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation country reports, available from: www.wssinfo.org/documents/?tx_displaycontroller[type]=country_files . 23/24