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7.3.4.1 Government budget allocation and resource management ............... 311
7.3.4.2 Budgeting process: With little public scrutiny..................................... 312
7.4 STRENGTHENING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN BUDGETING: AN ESC
RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE ..................................................................................... 314
7.4.1 Budget analysis advocacy and participatory budgeting ........................... 317
7.4.2 Influencing policy agenda: Front-loading ESC rights through a participatory
approach ......................................................................................................... 320
7.4.3 Efficiency and effectiveness of outcomes in resource allocation ............. 322
7.5 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................ 324
Chapter 8
8.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 326
8.2 RELEVANCE OF RESOURCE GOVERNANCE FOR EFFECTIVE ESC
RIGHTS REALISATION ...................................................................................... 327
8.2.1 ‘Maximum available resources’ and resource governance ...................... 328
8.2.2 Role of governance in resource mobilisation, allocation and utilisation ... 333
8.2.3 Resource governance and anti-corruption measures .............................. 336
8.3 TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN RESOURCE ALLOCATION
AND MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................... 340
8.3.1 A public finance management approach to resource governance ........... 340
8.3.2 Transparency in public sector resource management ............................. 342
8.3.3 Accountability in delivering budgetary outcomes..................................... 346
8.3.4 Performance measurement and monitoring of resource governance from an
ESC rights perspective .................................................................................... 349
8.3.5 Case study: Augmenting transparency and accountability of public finance
management in Maldives ................................................................................. 351
8.3.5.1 Budget management process: Institutional aspects .......................... 352
8.3.5.2 Budget management process: Information flow................................. 353
8.3.5.3 Efforts to address the shortfalls in budget transparency .................... 354
8.3.5.4 Potential action areas to reform fiscal management .......................... 356
8.4 ENHANCING RESOURCE GOVERNANCE FOR ESC RIGHTS: SOME
POLICY IMPLICATIONS ..................................................................................... 357
8.4.1 Policy options and recommendations: Enhancing budgetary transparency
and accountability............................................................................................ 358
8.5 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................ 360