Chapter 3 | Page 123 base, improving efficiency, tackling tax abuse and broadening the contribution of the financial sector to address these objectives.103 Fiscal policies were identified as crucial in ‘achieving equality, tackling discrimination, and strengthening governance and accountability, as well as combating poverty and funding development.’104 Taxation policy is, thus, highly relevant in addressing inequality in the society because, even though the human rights system does not prescribe any policy guidelines on taxation, tax policies have a huge impact on the level of achievement of human rights. The need for a progressive tax system with re-distributive capacity is essential for redressing discrimination and ensuring equal access to ESC rights.105 Monetary policy tools such as interest rate, exchange rate, money supply and regulation of the financial sector, for example, can have a significant impact, not only on government revenue, but also on the overall economy and the ability of individuals to fulfil their basic needs and ESC rights.106 Therefore, while monetary policy tools are used by the central bank, independent of the executive branch of the State, it is highly relevant for the considerations regarding the State’s overall financial resources potential. In summary, the argument here is that resources at the disposition of the State for the purpose of ESC rights policy can include both financial and nonfinancial resources that can be mobilised through public sector finance, international assistance and co-operation, as well through engagement with the private sector and societal resources. Mobilisation of these diverse types of resources must be incorporated into the macroeconomic policy framework 103 Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, Magdalena Sepúlveda Carmona, 26th sess, Agenda Item 3, UN Doc A/HRC/26/28 (22 May 2014). 104 Ibid., [1]. 105 Ibid., [16-17]. 106 This relationship has been explored by some authors including Radhika Balakrishnan, Why MES with Human Rights?: Integrating Macro Economic Strategies with Human Rights (US Human Rights Network), <http://www.rightingfinance.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/whymes2005.pdf>.