Chapter 5 | Page 192 been a decline in the total amount of aid from DAC countries and it remains far from the 0.7 percent commitment. Figure 3 displays the most recent statistics. Gross bilateral ODA (2012-2013 average, unless otherwise shown) Figure 3: Official Development Aid from DAC countries Source: OECD (2015) / https://public.tableau.com In 2013, more than 20 percent of all aid went towards a combined category that includes education, health and population and which has a direct bearing on ESC rights fulfilment. If the allocation for other social infrastructure projects with direct impact on the enjoyment of all ESC rights is included, the total amounts to just over 40 percent. Despite the urgency of development needs in recipient countries, international assistance and co-operation activities remain largely voluntary and loosely organised. Moreover, the amount of bilateral and multilateral aid that States receive is often not directly related to their level of development, income or need. Factors such as geo-political importance, colonial history, regional