A/72/139
more likely to be in precarious situations of employment and are overrepresented
within clerical and service-based roles. 35
39. The negative impacts of these socioeconomic trends on women contribute
significantly to their increased vulnerability to contempor ary forms of slavery.
Women are overrepresented in the 21 million people estimated by ILO to be
enslaved, accounting for around 55 per cent of victims. 36 The Special Rapporteur
has seen the vulnerability of women and girls when making country visits, even
when the context and modalities of contemporary forms of slavery differ
significantly. For example, when she visited north-east Nigeria in February 2016
with the Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest
attainable standard of physical and mental health and the Special Rapporteur on the
sale and sexual exploitation of children, she heard first -hand from children who
were trafficked, enslaved and forced into domestic and sexual servitude by Boko
Haram. Many of the girls had children after they were forced to marry their
abductors, but are ostracized for suspected radicalization and their children are
despised for being of “bad blood”. 37 In April 2016, when she visited El Salvador,
she received information about women and girls enslaved by gangs, threatened with
extreme violence in order to make them comply with heinous forms of sexual
exploitation and women working as home-based workers, performing embroidery
work for companies under oppressive conditions to meet quotas and targ ets in order
to be paid. 38 In addition, when she visited the Niger, she received information about
women and girls, often of slave descent, who were subject to forced and servile
marriage through the wahaya, or fifth wife, practice. 39
C.
2030 Agenda and slavery eradication efforts: a historic opportunity
40. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development presents an opportunity for the
international community to respond to these socioeconomic trends and increase
development efforts to tackle contemporary forms of slavery, its causes and
consequences. The 2030 Agenda goes far beyond the Millennium Development
Goals, both in relation to contemporary forms of slavery and a more generalized
respect for, and promotion of, human rights principles and frameworks. Given the
extent to which Goals were able to influence the sustainable development discourse
and the mobilization of resources, these advancements have great potential. It is in
this respect that the 2030 Agenda represents a historic opportunity that Member
States, the international community, the business community and other stakeholders
must seek to maximize.
41. The first way in which the 2030 Agenda improves upon the Millennium
Development Goals in relation to contemporary forms of slavery is its inclusion of
target 8.7, “take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end
modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of
the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldi ers, and
by 2025 end child labour in all its forms”. The issue of contemporary forms of
slavery was not a priority at the beginning of the three -year consultative process that
preceded the adoption of the Goals and, as discussed above, was not included in the
Millennium Development Goals. Its inclusion as a specific target followed sustained
advocacy efforts, initiated in 2007, by a number of actors. The Special Rapporteur
commends these efforts and the responsiveness of the consultative process in this
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35
36
37
38
39
17-11988
ILO, World Employment Social Outlook; see also E/CN.6/2017/3.
ILO, World Employment Social Outlook.
See A/HRC/32/32/Add.2.
See A/HRC/33/46/Add.1.
See A/HRC/30/35/Add.1.
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