A/HRC/31/54 communities involved in resettlement and recognizing the obligations of private landlords to ensure that no one is evicted into homelessness. 59 62. In many countries, social movements are incorporating legal strategies into broader political strategies to challenge homelessness and affirm the right to adequate housing. Abahlali baseMjondolo, the South African shack-dwellers’ movement, and other organizations in South Africa have developed approaches to social mobilization linked to legal strategies to claim rights, without losing sight of the fundamentally political nature of the struggle for adequate housing. 60 63. In Argentina, the non-governmental organization Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales has integrated test-case litigation to advance the right to adequate housing for homeless people with political initiatives, in order to change the way land, property and housing is distributed and ensure broader access to justice. The newly adopted Law for the Province of Buenos Aires on Access to Dignified Habitat affirms a number of guiding principles, including the right to the city, the social function of property, meaningful democratic participation and equitable sharing of benefits of urbanization. 64. The Special Rapporteur is encouraged by the proliferation of locally based initiatives to create more robust human rights frameworks, programmes, policies and laws, whether they take the form of new constitutional rights, charters on the right to the city/human rights city, local ordinances or enhanced mandates for human rights institutions and ombudspersons. Much more is needed, however. The implementation of a human rights framework for governance at all levels is the most critical component of any strategy for the elimination of homelessness. VII. Metrics of homelessness and human rights accountability 65. Measuring the extent of homelessness among different groups helps to assess priorities, ensure effective design and implementation of policy responses and determine whether States are meeting their human rights obligations. According to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, States have an obligation to measure the extent of homelessness, using data disaggregated by gender, race and other relevant characteristics, and to establish effective means of monitoring progress. 61 66. Beyond national measures of homelessness, there is also a need for global indicators. Addressing homelessness should be a central part of global development goals. While the Sustainable Development Goals omit any explicit reference to homelessness, target 11.1 of the Goals commits States to ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrading slums by 2030. Measuring and committing to reduce and eliminate homelessness with clear benchmarks and timelines will be critical to the successful realization of this target. 67. There are, however, serious challenges in measuring homelessness, both within States and globally, that need to be addressed. It has proven difficult to secure accurate and comparable data from all States in order to develop reliable global data. The Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs has noted that data on the 59 60 61 16 See City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality v. Blue Moonlight Properties 39 (Pty) Ltd and Another, case No. CCT 37/11, paras. 46, 54 and 57. See Jackie Dugard et al., “Rights-compromised or rights-savvy? The use of rights-based strategies to advance socio-economic struggles by Abahlali baseMjondolo, the South African shack-dwellers’ movement”, Social and Economic Rights in Theory and Practice (2014). See the Committee’s general comment No. 4 on the right to adequate housing.