E/C.12/NDL/CO/4-5 23. The Committee notes with concern that boys face discrimination on all the islands of the former Netherlands Antilles, which affects their education, as confirmed by a survey conducted by the State party (arts. 10 and 2, para. 2). The Committee calls on the State party to continue to address the problem of discrimination faced by boys on the islands of the former Netherlands Antilles by attending to its root causes, such as the societal stereotypes about, and expectations from, boys and girls. In this regard, the Committee recommends that, in addition to the involvement of parents and teachers, the policies to be adopted and implemented also comprise public awareness campaigns to change the public’s attitudes towards gender roles and the education of boys and girls. 24. The Committee notes with concern that pockets of poverty exist in all the constituent countries of the State party. Moreover, the Committee is concerned that Aruba, Curaçao and St. Maarten have not yet adopted either official poverty lines or strategies or action plans to combat poverty (art. 11). The Committee urges the State party to combat poverty and social exclusion by targeting disadvantaged and marginalized groups, such as single parent families, migrants and children, and reiterates its recommendation calling on the State party to: (a) Establish, for each constituent country, an official poverty line which would enable the State party to assess the extent of poverty and monitor and evaluate progress; and (b) Draw up and implement anti-poverty strategies and action plans, taking full account of economic, social and cultural rights. In this regard, the Committee refers the State party to its statement on poverty and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (E/2002/22‑E/C.12/2001/17, annex VII), adopted in 2001. The Committee also requests the State party to provide in its next periodic report disaggregated and comparative, annually collected data on the number of individuals and households living in poverty, and on progress made in combating poverty. 25. The Committee is deeply concerned that asylum-seekers and unaccompanied minors in the Netherlands have been held in detention for long periods of time. The Committee also regrets that undocumented migrants, including families with children, are not entitled to a basic right to shelter and are rendered homeless after their eviction from reception centres. The Committee is also concerned that, although undocumented migrants are entitled to health care and education, in practice they cannot always have access to either (arts. 11, 10, 12, 13 and 2, para. 2). The Committee urges the State party to: (a) Ensure that the legislation in the Netherlands guarantees that asylum-seekers are detained only when it is absolutely necessary and that the time which rejected asylum-seekers and irregular migrants spend in detention is limited to a strict minimum; and (b) Meet its core obligations under the Covenant and ensure that the minimum essential level relating to the right to housing, health and education is respected, protected and fulfilled in relation to undocumented migrants. 26. The Committee regrets that it has not received clear and detailed information on the reportedly high drug consumption in the State party (art. 12). 7