A/HRC/21/39 G. Right to adequate food and nutrition 75. Adequate food is essential for health, survival and physical and intellectual development, and is a precondition for social integration, social cohesion and peaceful community life. Lack of food sovereignty compromises autonomy and dignity. Persons living in poverty often have limited access to adequate and affordable food, or the resources that they need to produce or acquire such food. Even where adequate food is available, it often does not reach persons living in poverty, for example owing to cost, inadequate or discriminatory distribution, limited capacity of marginalized groups to access productive resources, lack of infrastructure or conflict. The quality or nutritional value of the food that persons living in poverty are able to access is also a major concern. As a result of institutional and intrahousehold discrimination or cultural practices, women living in poverty are often denied equitable access to food, or their capacity to procure or produce it is undermined. 76. States should: (a) Establish disaggregated mapping systems to identify groups and households particularly vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity and the reasons for that vulnerability, and take corrective measures, to be implemented both immediately and progressively, to provide access to adequate food; (b) Adopt a national strategy to ensure food and nutrition security for all, based on human rights principles. Access to adequate food for persons living in poverty should be accorded priority and take into account the interdependence of access to productive and monetary resources and adequate nutrition; (c) Put in place adequate early-warning mechanisms to prevent or mitigate the effects of natural or human-caused disasters, including on persons living in poverty in remote and marginalized areas, and take appropriate emergency preparedness measures; (d) Ensure adequate access to productive resources, including land, forests and fisheries, in order for persons living in poverty to produce food for themselves and their families; (e) Implement effective land distribution and agrarian reform programmes, especially in areas in which land concentration threatens access to livelihoods for rural communities, and adopt preventive measures to avoid land and water grabbing; (f) Revise and repeal discriminatory laws and related administrative practices that impede the recognition of ownership or tenure rights of land and resources by groups or individuals living in poverty, in particular women; (g) Adopt measures to eradicate any kind of discriminatory practices regarding food distribution within the household or community, especially with regard to gender, for example by channelling food production support through women; (h) Consider, to protect those who are unable to provide for themselves, establishing and maintaining food safety nets linked to other complementary interventions that promote food security in the medium and longer terms. There is also a need to ensure that social assistance policies and programmes take into account the true costs of a nutritious and culturally adequate diet; (i) Ensure effective distribution mechanisms that recognize market shortcomings to make adequate food physically and economically accessible to persons living in poverty, in a culturally acceptable way and without negatively affecting small farmers, indigenous peoples, forest dwellers, pastoralists or local subsistence fishing communities and women. This should include a review of overall systems for food pricing; 16