E/C.12/UKR/CO/6 Gender pay gap 11. The Committee remains concerned about the persistent and significant pay gap between women and men, which stands on average at around 30 per cent, despite the steps taken to promote equality between men and women. The Committee notes that the root causes of the problem lie in entrenched gender role stereotypes in the family and society at large (art. 3). The Committee recommends that the State party, taking into account the Committee’s general comment No. 16 (2005) on the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights: (a) Take steps to eliminate the persistent gender pay gap by combating vertical and horizontal segregation in employment, which result in women occupying lower paid jobs and facing obstacles in the enjoyment of career opportunities on an equal footing with men; (b) Take measures to change society’s perception of gender roles, including through awareness-raising campaigns on shared family responsibilities for men and women and on equal career opportunities as a result of education and training in fields other than those traditionally dominated by either sex. Unemployment 12. The Committee is concerned that, despite the measures taken to combat unemployment, young people continue to be disproportionately affected by unemployment. The Committee is also concerned that the 4 per cent quota for the employment of persons with disabilities in public and private companies and institutions is having a limited impact owing to the lack of compliance by employers. The Committee is further concerned that Roma and Crimean Tatars continue to face difficulties in access to employment (art. 6). The Committee recommends that the State party step up its efforts to further reduce unemployment, in particular unemployment among young people, persons with disabilities, Roma and Crimean Tatars, including by: (a) Maintaining the incentives for employers who create new jobs for individuals who have been unemployed for at least two years, including persons who have difficulty competing on the job market, and ensuring that individuals so employed retain their jobs when such incentives are no longer offered; (b) Reviewing the vocational education and training system to ensure it reflects the current labour market demands; (c) Taking targeted measures specifically aimed at reducing youth unemployment; (d) Ensuring effective compliance by public and private companies and institutions with the 4 per cent quota for the employment of persons with disabilities, including by providing for dissuasive sanctions for employers in case of noncompliance; (e) Ensuring that Roma and Crimean Tatars enjoy equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and providing them with sustainable income-generating opportunities, including by enhancing their skills training. 5