Chapter 3 | Page 115
Principles underscore the propositions that international assistance and cooperation should give priority to the realisation of all human rights, that such
co-operation and assistance should be provided irrespective of differences in
political, economic, and social systems among States,65 and that international
assistance must be based on sovereign equality among States.66 The
Principles also recognise that international assistance and co-operation
should be part of the reporting mechanism under the Covenant and that State
reports ‘should indicate the areas where more progress could be achieved
through international co-operation and suggest economic and technical cooperation programmes that might be helpful toward that end.’67
The ESCR Committee also drew attention to the need for States to identify
their particular needs for technical assistance or development co-operation.68
With reference to Article 55 and 56 of the United Nations Charter, principles of
international law and the Covenant, the Committee emphasised that
‘international co-operation for development and the realization of ESC rights
is an international obligation of all States’.69 It was further argued that particular
effort is required to ensure that proper protection mechanisms are built into
such programmes using the approaches known as ‘adjustment with a human
face’ or ‘the human dimension of development’, which afford special attention
to the poor and vulnerable.70 The Committee’s reference to international cooperation as a means to protect ESC rights during times of crisis and its
particular attention to the provision of ‘major debt relief initiatives’71 suggest
that it recognised the role of international assistance and co-operation for the
realisation of these rights. The Committee maintained that ‘maximum available
Centre for Human Rights ("Limburg Principles"), UN Doc E/CN.4/1987/17 (8 January
1987).
65
Ibid., Principle 31.
66
Ibid., Principle 33.
67
Ibid., Principle 81.
68
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No 2:
International Technical Assistance Measures (Art. 22), 4th sess, UN Doc E/1990/23 (2
February 1990), [10].
69
CESCR General Comment No 3, E/1991/23, above n 3, [14].
70
CESCR General Comment No 2, E/1990/23, above n 68, [9].
71
Ibid.
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