Chapter 3 | Page 132
the State party to ‘regularly evaluate the impact of the measures taken,
including against corruption, and the budget allocations made for the
implementation of the Covenant’.155
Occasionally, the Committee has requested some States to ‘devote adequate
attention to identifying its most urgent problems and concerns’156 about ESC
rights priorities. States have also been requested to enhance capacity of public
finance management,157 to ‘foster transparency and accountability’,158 and
implement organisational reforms to achieve more efficient use of resources,
including ‘mobilizing the individual, the neighbourhood, and voluntary and
private resources to supplement the efforts of the public authorities’.159
3.5.2 Challenges of monitoring the State’s resource allocation and
governance policies
The use of available resources for ESC rights realisation is an important area
for monitoring. Danilo Türk argues that indicators which incorporate
government expenditure and revenue, balance of payments, development
assistance and external debt can provide a useful tool for monitoring the
State’s available resources and the achievement of progressive realisation.160
The requirement to take steps using ‘maximum available resources’
complicates the monitoring process in two ways: the difficulty in determining
what resources are available to a State and the difficulty in determining
155
CESCR, Concluding observations: Serbia, E/C.12/SRB/CO/2 (23 May 2014), [10].
156
CESCR, Concluding observations: Sudan, E/C.12/1/Add.48 (1 September 2000), [40].
157
CESCR, Concluding observations: Armenia, E/C.12/ARM/CO/2-3 (23 May 2014), [9(a)].
158
CESCR, Concluding observations: Cambodia, E/C.12/KHM/CO/1 (12 June 2009), [38].
159
CESCR, Concluding Observations: Norway, E/C.12/1988/4 paras. 219-239 (1 January
1988), [221].
160
Danilo Türk, The New International Economic Order and the Promotion of Human Rights:
Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Progress Report Prepared by Danilo
Türk, U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of
Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 42nd sess, Agenda Item 7, UN Doc
E/CN.4/Sub.2/1990/19.
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