Chapter 4 | Page 172
others, such as Malta, provided details of reforms in taxation laws that address
macroeconomic and resource maximisation concerns.140 Some States also
emphasised their taxation policy, highlighting key areas of State revenue, and
identified their efforts to increase the efficiency of the customs service in order
to increase import duty collection, which resulted in an increase in total
revenue.141 Increased revenue collection associated with the introduction of
Sales Tax, Service Tax, VAT and excise tax, profit tax and corporate taxes
was also highlighted.142
Tax reforms and developments in tax policies are referred to in some States
reports. A number of States identified these changes in tax regimes as a
measure for achieving development, employment and other socio-economic
policy goals. For example, Guyana identified the changes it had made to
income tax policy through an increase in the income tax threshold for low
income earners, which resulted in increased disposable income for a large
population and a reduction in overall government revenue.143 A number of
States also used tax policies, such as tax breaks, to promote social goals
including participation of disabled people in the workforce,144 tax relief for
purchase of houses,145 and job creation and training.146 The Solomon Islands
highlighted changes in the Income Tax Act which provided additional
incentives to the private sector as a means of increasing investment and
employment.147
In
response
to
the
ESCR
Committee’s
previous
recommendation, Mexico identified its commitment to re-orient the
macroeconomic environment and strengthen policy discipline in the
140
CESCR, State Report: Malta, E/1990/5/Add.58 (26 May 2003), [515].
141
CESCR, State Report: Kosovo, E/C.12/UNK/1 (15 January 2008), [18].
142
Ibid., [19].
143
CESCR, State Report: Guyana, E/C.12/GUY/2-4 (03 September 2012), 36-37.
144
CESCR, State Report: Spain, E/C.12/4/Add.11 (14 January 2003), [145].
145
Ibid., [390].
146
CESCR, State Report: Malta, E/1990/5/Add.58 (26 May 2003), [89].
147
CESCR, State Report: Solomon Islands, E/1990/5/Add.50 (30 July 2001), [50].
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