Chapter 5 | Page 203 The emergence of these new ideas and institutions introduces a new dimension to the aid landscape. When they are put into practice, aid recipients will have more resources potentially available to them and a broader platform on which to seek and manage these resources. These reforms are expected to create a more conducive environment for aid negotiation and management. In summary, this section has mapped out the structures and development trends of international assistance and co-operation and has compared various modes of delivery and types of assistance and co-operation. It has argued that recipient country ownership and leadership of international assistance and cooperation activities are crucial for effective realisation of their objectives. In this way, human rights values can be embedded in the international assistance agenda. It will be necessary to recognise challenges in the design and implementation of international assistance programmes and to identify policy options and indicators for State efforts in addressing these challenges. 5.3 CHALLENGES IN MOBILISING RESOURCES THROUGH INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE AND CO-OPERATION This section explores the structural, process and outcome challenges facing recipient States in mobilising resources through international assistance and co-operation for ESC rights purposes and proposes indicators of State policy effort. 5.3.1 Structural challenges Recipients of international assistance and co-operation face a number of challenges within the existing aid architecture, including the attitudes and approaches of donors and institutional weakness in negotiating and managing (Addis Ababa Action Agenda) (United Nations, 2015), <http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wpcontent/uploads/2015/08/AAAA_Outcome.pdf>.