Chapter 2 | Page 47 Many of the substantive ESC rights recognised under the ICESCR also form key provisions in other international human rights instruments. For example, the rights to education, employment, and health are specified in the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and require the State to take positive measures to eliminate discrimination and ensure equal opportunity.4 Similarly, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) makes direct reference to the economic, social and cultural rights of the child5 and requires the State to undertake appropriate measures for the implementation of these rights. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) also provides for specific ESC rights, particularly the rights to education, health, work and adequate standard of living for persons with disabilities.6 A number of rights under the ICESCR also reflect pre-existing international norms. For example, right to work (Article 6), rights in work (Article 7) and trade union rights (Article 8) are better understood within the frameworks put in place by numerous conventions and standards set out by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), while rights related to education and health are closely related to standards and rules of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) respectively.7 ESC rights are also recognised in a number of international, regional and multilateral human rights regimes as well as in domestic constitutions and laws in a number of States. For example, the European Social Charter covers much 4 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, opened for signature 18 December 1979, 1249, p. 13 (entered into force 3 September 1981), art 10, 12 ('CEDAW'). 5 Convention on the Rights of the Child, opened for signature 20 November 1989, 1577 UNTS 3 (entered into force 2 September 1990), preamble, art 4 ('CRC'). 6 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, opened for signature 30 March 2007, 2515 UN 3 (entered into force 3 May 2008), art 24,25,27,28 ('CRPD'). 7 For example see, Ben Saul, David Kinley and Jacqueline Mowbray, The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Commentary, Cases, and Materials (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014), 7.