It follows from the Applications and the replies of the Saeima that the reduction of
pension disbursements affects the first level of pension system only (mandatory State
non-funded pension scheme). The purpose of the first level of State pension system is
to guarantee the minimum income level to the residents of retirement age. Since the
first level is mandatory and based on the principle of social insurance, there is a
connection between the mandatory social insurance contribution payments made by
the residents and the level of service attained as the end result (see p. 12 of the Pension
Reform Conception in Case materials, vol. 10, p. 167).
In the context of the first level of pension, the right to request an identifiable share is
not granted to an individual person; however, the person can hope to receive material
support that will depend on the situation at the time when pension is to be received.
The pensions of this system are based on the so-called collective insurance principle,
and they cannot be granted on the basis of individual contribution. In this case, persons
do not acquire the right to a specific sum, for it is subject to fluctuations and legal
regulation (cf. Paragraph 2 of the Concluding Part of the Constitutional Court
Judgment in the Case No. 2001-02-0106 passed on 26 June 2001). In addition, once
pension is granted to a person, the person obtains legally protected confidence that the
specific amount of pension disbursement will be retained in the future.
Latvia has adapted and modified the classic principle of solidarity between
generations: the money earned by the employed generation is paid to the current
pensioners. At the same time, the insurance principle is maintained, which means that
everyone makes one’s own accruals for pension.
The principle of taking into account the expected lifetime in pension calculation has
received a positive evaluation. Pension policy should not be used for solving all social
matters, for every attempt to do so creates problems that endanger the pension
system’s long-term stability, which cannot be permitted (see, for example: Par
Latvijas pensiju sistemas starptautisko novertejumu [On international assessment of
Latvian pension system]. Latvijas Vestnesis, 10 April 2001, No. 57; Kad Latvijas
pensiju sistemu uzskata par paraugu Eiropai [When Latvian pension system is taken
as a model for Europe]. Latvijas Vestnesis, 19 February 2002, No. 27).
At the same time, conclusions have been made that the Latvian pension system is
sensitive even to the slightest changes of such parameters as, for example, contribution
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