A/70/213 psychoeducational and psychosocial methods based on new research in neuroscience, psychology, developmental paediatrics and child psychiatry. These interventions are not a luxury and should not be seen as such. They need to be supported and funded as effective and essential interventions, and obligatory component of health systems, on a par with the biomedical ones. Therefore, interventions that enhance emotional health and social development from the very start of life should be given priority and special value as investments in human development and global health. 58. Health workers and other professionals such as social workers have a very important role to play in supporting positive and responsive parenting. States should ensure that there are an adequate number of general practitioners, paediatricians, nurses and other relevant health-care professionals trained to work with children. The Special Rapporteur is concerned that the training and practice of medical doctors, nurses and other health professionals continues to focus predominantly on the biomedical determinants of health. Health-care services and all relevant professionals should be better equipped with relevant knowledge and practical skills to respond proactively to new knowledge about the negative impact of social determinants and early childhood adversities on the physical and mental health of children. For example, nurses and social workers, who visit families with young children should be trained to address issues related to the emotional and cognitive development of children and should be able to provide parents with the knowledge and basic skills necessary for nurturing and responsive parenting and non -violent ways of bringing up children. 59. Moreover, health and other professionals working with children should be trained on human rights and on early child development and the impact of the quality of relationships on physical and mental health during childhood and throughout life. Paediatricians, all other medical doctors and other relevant health professionals should play a more proactive role in educating families, childcare providers, teachers, policymakers, civic leaders and the general public about the health-related aspects of early child development. 60. The role of the health sector is given particular attention in the present report. However, as recognized in, among other texts, the Declaration of Alma-Ata, other sectors are also very important for early child health and holistic development. The right to health of young children should be promoted and protected through sustainable and transparent implementation of the principle “health in al l policies”. B. Underlying determinants of the right to health 61. The right to health includes more than health care; it is also the right to the underlying determinants of health, such as nutrition; protection against violence; healthy and safe environments, including in the family environment and local community; health-related information and education; safe drinking water; adequate sanitation; and adequate housing. 39 These and other social determinants of health have an impact on the development of the child. Indeed, the environment is a fundamental determinant of the health and well-being of the child and of the adult. __________________ 39 14/25 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, art. 12.2; Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comme nt No. 14 (2000), para. 11. 15-12535