State Ohlivationsv WINTER 2015 the austerity measures." 14 UN ESCR further expressed this concern because "one in four minors is living below the poverty line,"' 5 and "pensions are in many cases below subsistence level, so that pensioners are at risk of falling into poverty." 16 Further, UN ESCR expressed trepidation over "the situation of individuals and families who find themselves overwhelmed by housing costs,' 17 and "at the regressive measures adopted by the State party that increase university tuition fees." 18 The UN ECSR told Spanish authorities that "all the austerity measures adopted reflect the minimum core content of all the Covenant rights and that it take all appropriate measures to protect that core content under any circumstances, especially for disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups."' 9 Similarly, the UN ESCR noted in the 2012 ConcludingObservationson Bulgariathat it: [I]s concerned, particularly in the context of the economic and financial crisis, about the recent rise in unemployment and long-term unemployment rates, which negatively affect the population of the State party, especially young persons, immigrants, Roma persons and persons with disabilities, and increases their vulnerability in violation of their rights set out in the Covenant. 20 Further, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) observed in its 2013 Concluding Observations on Greece "the current financial and economic crisis and measures taken by the State party to address it within the framework of the policies designed in cooperation with the European Union institutions and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are having detrimental effects on women in all spheres of life."'' 2 The Committee further observed that: 14Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Concluding Observations on Spain, available at http://daccess-ddsJune 2012, 8. 6 Para. E/C. 12/ESP/CO/5, ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/GI 2/433/06/PDF/G I243306.pdf?OpenElement (2013). 15Id. Para. 17. See also the 2012 Annual Report of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency, Safeguarding fundamental rights in the time crisis, in press. 16Id. at Para. 20. 17Id. at Para. 21. at Para. 28. 18Id. 19 Id. at Para. 8. See also Magdalena Sepfilveda Carmona, UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, Impact of austerity measures on the enjoyment of human rights, available at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Poverty/Pages/ImpactofausteritymeasuresontheenjoymentHR.aspx (2013). 20 CESCR, Concluding observations on the combined fourth and fifth reports of Bulgaria, adopted by the Committee at its forty-ninth session (12-30 November 2012), E/C.12/BGR/CO/4-5, Il December 2012, Para. 11. 21 CEDAW, Concludingobservations on the seventh periodic reportof Greece, adopted by the Committee at its fifty fourth session (l1 February - 1 March 2013), CEDAW/C/GRC/CO/7, 26 March 2013, Para. 6.