A/61/338 06-51997 17 CESCR, general comment 14, para. 12. 18 Millennium Project, op. cit., note 3. 19 CESCR, general comment 14, para. 12. 20 ibid. 21 ICESCR, article 2. 22 Ibid. 23 Maine, D., Safe Motherhood Programs: Options and Issues. Columbia University, 1991. 24 See Millennium Project, op. cit., note 3. 25 General Assembly resolution 55/2; para. 19 of United Nations Millennium Declaration. 26 See, for example, International Conference on Population and Development (1994) and the Fourth World Conference on Women (1995); Safe Motherhood Initiative, established in 1987, and the Partnership for Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health, established in 2004. 27 World Summit Outcome Document, 2005 (A/60/L.1, para. 57). For a full discussion on sexual and reproductive health and the Millennium Development Goals, see Bernstein, S., op. cit., note 8. 28 Freedman, L., “Human rights, constructive accountability and maternal mortality in the Dominican Republic: a commentary”, 82 International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2003. 29 Some human rights organizations are starting to focus more on maternal mortality, e.g. Maternal mortality in Herat province, Afghanistan: the need to protect women’s rights, Physicians for Human Rights, 2002; Perú: Mujeres pobres y excluidas: la negación del derecho a la salud materno-infantil, Amnesty International, 2006. 30 WHO Medicines Strategy: Countries at the Core, 2004-2007, WHO, 2004. Fewer than one quarter of all AIDS patients in Africa, and less than one tenth of children with AIDS, receive the life-saving antiretroviral medicines they need, according to WHO statistics presented at the XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, 2006. 31 Some of this chapter draws upon the Montreal Statement on the Human Right to Essential Medicines (2005), see Marks, S. (ed.), Health and Human Rights: Basic International Documents, 2006. 32 Increasing access to essential medicines in the developing world, DFID, 2004. 33 The World Medicines Situation, WHO, 2004. 34 Millennium Development Goals, Target 17 of Goal 8. 35 See article 12 (2) (c) and (d), ICESCR. 36 For an excellent summary of relevant national jurisprudence, see Hogerzeil, H. et al., “Is access to essential medicines as part of the fulfilment of the right to health enforceable through the courts?”, Lancet, 2006. See also Commission resolutions 2005/23, 2004/26 and 2003/29. 37 The comments can be sent to the Right to Health Unit, Human Rights Centre, University of Essex, at rthu@essex.ac.uk. 38 See CESCR, general comment 14, para. 12. 39 For this right-to-health problem in the context of Uganda’s neglected diseases, see the Special Rapporteur’s report E/CN.4/2006/48/Add.2, especially from para. 62. 40 CESCR, general comment 3, para. 10. 41 CESCR, general comment 14, paras. 43-44. 23