A/69/274 to adequate housing, such as income support, community support for persons with disabilities, judicial oversight of security of tenure, zoning or water and sewage services may fall under the authority of subnational or municipal governments. 54. In addition, governments often engage in partnerships with private housing or service providers or community-based organizations to administer programmes. Private landlords, landowners, real estate agencies, service and utility providers and other relevant private actors have significant effects on the right to adequate housing. It has become increasingly important that these d iverse actors engaged in the implementation of State obligations with respect to the right to adequate housing be fully aware of the nature and scope of these obligations. Some advances have been made at the international level towards a better understandi ng of the responsibilities of businesses and private actors, but the obligation of States to regulate businesses so as to ensure that their actions are consistent with the right to adequate housing is critical to the effective implementation of the right t o adequate housing. 55. For many of those who are denied access to adequate housing or whose right to housing is under threat, the involvement of the national Government can appear to be extremely remote, when in fact its actual role in relation to impugn ed policies may be minimal. The actors with whom stakeholders are directly engaged in attempting to realize their rights are often local governments, municipalities or private owners or companies. 56. While the Special Rapporteur believes that it is important to emphasize the ultimate responsibility of States to ensure compliance with their international human rights obligations so that there is no “contracting-out” of fundamental human rights guarantees, she also recognizes that effective implementation r equires that all levels and branches of government be cognizant of, and fully committed to implementing, the State’s obligations. The implementation of the right to adequate housing relies on local governments, community organizations and private actors, o ften acting in partnership, affirming such implementation as a joint commitment and a collaborative project. 57. The Special Rapporteur is committed to seeking out proper channels through which to engage constructively with the full range of actors that p lay significant roles in relation to the implementation of the right to adequate housing, and hopes to provide support for the enhancement of human rights accountability at all levels of government. V. Some priority areas of focus for the mandate 58. The Special Rapporteur aims to assist States, civil society and other relevant stakeholders in ensuring the implementation of the right to adequate housing at the domestic level by focusing on several key thematic areas in the course of her mandate. 59. As noted above, the themes and priority areas of work identified in the present report are preliminary in nature, as the Special Rapporteur wishes to continue her consultations with States and other relevant stakeholders, notably United Nations agencies, other special procedures mandate holders, civil society organizations and national human rights institutions, in order to refine her plan of work for the next 14/20 14-58890