A/69/274 conditions, whether owing to administrative or legal obstacles or to de facto discrimination and multiple discrimination. The Special Rapporteur hopes to work collaboratively with the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants to assess policies, programmes and measures in relation to the right to an adequate standard of living, including housing, and to seek avenues for cooperation to ensure adequate housing and living conditions for migrant workers. B. Homelessness 67. Homelessness is at the end of the housing spectrum and must be understood as a prima facie violation of the right to adequate housing (i.e., where any significant number of individuals are deprived of basic shelter or housing, a State is prima facie failing to discharge its international human rights obligations). 22 During her mandate, the Special Rapporteur intends to organize consultations and expert discussions to explore various dimensions of this violation of the right to adequate housing, including the obligation of the State to address homelessness. 68. The Special Rapporteur will also focus on developing a contextual analysis of the causes and consequences of homelessness as experienced in both develope d countries — particularly in the light of the effects of the global financial crisis — and developing countries. She anticipates that this work will highlight the interdependence of the right to housing with the broader right to an adequate standard of living, as well as other rights such as health, social security, food and work. 69. In coordination with relevant mandate holders, the Special Rapporteur wishes to take up the problem of laws that criminalize homelessness or activities associated with homelessness, such as sleeping in public places, and to consider the discriminatory attitudes and perceptions that often lie behind such laws. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur will explore in some depth the stigmatization and discrimination often suffered by the homeless or those with other housing status (for example, “squatters”, “slum dwellers” and “public/social housing tenants”), and will build upon the previous work of mandate holders, including the report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights on the penalization of people living in poverty (A/66/265) and the report of the Special Rapporteur on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation on stigma and the realization of the right to safe drinking water and sanitation (A/HRC/21/42). C. Housing strategies based on human rights 70. The causes of homelessness and inadequate housing are multifarious, interrelated and complex. They include not only forced evictions and conflict, but also many other structural issues, such as inadequate services and infrastructure; barriers to access to credit; land speculation and zoning; displacement and migration; environmental degradation; and rapid urbanization and the development of megacities. Tackling the causes of homelessness often requires a multifaceted approach that relies on comprehensive and coordinated strategies, and is __________________ 22 16/20 E/1991/23, annex III, para. 10. 14-58890