CEDAW/C/GC/30 (e) Adopt practical measures for the protection and prevention of genderbased violence, in addition to mechanisms for accountability, in all displacement settings, whether in camps, settlements or out-of-camp settings; (f) Investigate and prosecute all instances of gender-based discrimination and violence that occur in all phases of the conflict-related displacement cycle; (g) Provide internally displaced and refugee women and girl victims of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, with free and immediate access to medical services, legal assistance and a safe environment; provide access to female health-care providers and services, such as reproductive health care and appropriate counselling; and ensure that military and civilian authorities present in displacement contexts have received appropriate training on protection challenges, human rights and the needs of displaced women; (h) Ensure that immediate humanitarian assistance needs and protection requirements are complemented with long-term strategies in support of internally displaced and refugee women’s socioeconomic rights and livelihood opportunities, enhanced leadership and participation in order to empower them to choose the durable solutions that suit their needs; (i) Ensure that all situations of massive influxes of refugee and displaced populations, including women and girls, are adequately addressed and that protection and assistance needs are not impeded by a lack of clarity in the mandates of international agencies or resource constraints. 6. Nationality and statelessness (arts. 1-3 and 9) 58. In addition to the heightened risks faced by internally displaced persons, refugees and asylum seekers, conflict can also be both a cause and a consequence of statelessness, rendering women and girls particularly vulnerable to various forms of abuse in both the private and public domains. Statelessness can arise when a woman’s experience of conflict intersects with discrimination with regard to nationality rights, such as laws that require women to change nationality upon marriage or its dissolution or that deny them the ability to pass on their nationality. 59. Women may be left stateless when they cannot prove nationality because necessary documents such as identity documents and birth registration are either not issued or are lost or destroyed in conflict and are not reissued in their names. Statelessness may also result in situations in which women are denied the ability to pass on nationality to their children by gender-discriminatory nationality laws. 60. Stateless women and girls face heightened risks of abuse in times of conflict because they do not enjoy the protection that flows from citizenship, including consular assistance, and also because many are undocumented and/or belong to ethnic, religious or linguistic minority populations. Statelessness also results in the widespread denial of fundamental human rights and freedoms in post-conflict periods. For example, women may be denied access to health care, employment and other socioeconomic and cultural rights as Governments restrict services to nationals in times of increased resource constraints. Women deprived of a nationality are also often excluded from political processes and from participating in the new government and governance of their country, in violation of articles 7 and 8 of the Convention. 16/24 13-54331