- 23 - Alleged violation of Article E taken in conjunction with Article 31§1 by reason of non-access to housing of an adequate standard and degrading housing conditions A – Submissions of the parties 1. The complainant organisation 43. Médecins du Monde denounces the lack of accessible accommodation for persons with a low income and the discrimination suffered by Roma families in gaining access to housing. 44. Médecins du Monde recalls that, because of the very restrictive rules on the accession into the labour market by Romanian and Bulgarian citizens during the transition period (running until 1 January 2014) after the EU accession (see §29 above), most of them cannot access official employment, have very limited income and, as a consequence, cannot accede to the private sector housing market. 45. According to Médecins du Monde, Roma families take various steps themselves to create accommodation in old dilapidated caravans, makeshift dwellings or squats. These living conditions that Roma are forced to suffer because of their non-access to housing degrading, fail to meet proper health and sanitary standards and are incompatible with human dignity. Their living conditions are almost invariably characterised by: - lack of sanitary facilities in camps; - only one, if any, drinking water tap serving hundreds of people; - dangerous forms of electricity supply and heating; - lack of essential public services such as rubbish collection, leading frequently to appearances of rats. 46. Médecins du Monde adds that the only genuine housing solutions on offer are the so-called integration villages, of which there are very few. Generally speaking, integration villages encourage social exclusion when they are located away from urban areas on land that is difficult to access and, given such strict management practices as controls at the entrance of the villages, the freedom of the Roma is not always guaranteed. Médecins du Monde argues that access to such housing subjects the Roma to discriminatory treatment because the Roma families to whom this type of housing is offered are selected according to a discretionary allocation procedure that does not include sufficient guarantees of equity and transparency. 2. The Government 47. The Government recognises the difficulty of securing an effective right to housing for all people in highly precarious situations. It admits that the Roma is one of such population groups. The Government underlines, nevertheless, that within this domain, it has set out ambitious objectives for itself, which indicates the importance attached to the question.