E/CN.4/1999/48 page 13 which in turn comprises three variables: the percentage of persons without access to drinking water, of persons without access to health services, and of children aged under five who are underweight. 46. Human rights and sustainable human development are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Development is unsustainable where the rule of law and equity do not exist; where ethnic, religious or sexual discrimination are rampant; where there are restrictions on free speech, free association and the media; or where large numbers of people live in abject and degrading poverty. Similarly, human rights are enhanced when gender equity or poverty reduction programmes empower people to become aware of and claim their rights. 47. UNDP is developing a human rights-based framework in its anti-poverty pro-sustainable human development work. For this purpose, several strategies have particular relevance for human rights, such as targeting disadvantaged or excluded groups (women, children, minorities, migrant workers, people with HIV/AIDS), promoting partnerships with NGOs and civil society organizations, addressing governance issues and strengthening human rights national institutions. 48. Governance has been defined by UNDP as the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country's affairs at all levels. Good governance is, among other things, participatory, transparent and accountable. It is also effective, equitable, and promotes the rule of law. Good governance ensures that political, social and economic priorities are based on broad consensus in society and that the voices of the poorest and the most vulnerable are heard in decision-making over the allocation of development resources. B. World Bank 49. The World Bank defines extreme poverty as those living on US$ 1 or less per day. According to the World Bank, the incidence of poverty in developing countries and in countries with economies in transition fell slightly from 30 per cent in 1987 to 29.5 per cent in 1993. But the absolute number of the world’s poor rose from 1.23 billion to 1.31 billion during the same year. The overwhelming majority of people living on $1 a day or less are located in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and China, but there are many tens of millions also in Latin America, the Caribbean and Western Asia. There is also considerable poverty in developed countries and in countries with economies in transition. 50. In addition, the World Bank estimated in 1998 that more than 3 billion people in the developing world still struggle in grinding poverty, and the number continues to grow. Every year nearly 8 million children die from diseases caused by dirty water and poisoned air; 50 million children are mentally or physically damaged because of inadequate nutrition, and 130 million - 80 per cent of them girls - are denied a chance to go to school. Today, 150 million children under the age of five are gravely malnourished; another 260 million suffer from anaemia or other vitamin or mineral deficiencies. According to the Bank, in 1998 11 million children will die