In addition to Federal and State measures directed at identifying
and improving bad schools, significant legislation reorganizing
City school governance has been passed since the trial ( see L
2002, ch 91; cf. L 2003, chs 6, 15). The legislation enhances the
powers and duties of the Mayor of New York City and persons
accountable to the Mayor -- notably the Chancellor -- to manage
school finances and the School Construction Authority, and select
and supervise district superintendents and other staff ( see Mem
of Legis Rep of City of NY, 2002 McKinney's Session Laws of NY,
at 1718-1719).
Further, through an ongoing process of reform, the Regents have
sought to reduce the employment of uncertified teachers and
fortify the requirements for certification ( see e.g. 8 NYCRR 803.4; 80-5.10[j]). Likewise, regulations adopted with the Learning
Standards and intended to improve the rigor of instruction
Statewide are close to being fully phased-in; for instance,
students who entered ninth grade in the 2001-2002 school year
no longer had the option to take a "local diploma" ( see 8 NYCRR
100.5).
All of these initiatives promise, but await, demonstrable
outcomes. We are, of course, bound to decide this case on the
record before us and cannot conjecture about the possible effect
of pending reforms, at least when determining whether, on the
evidence gathered over four years and presented during the
seven-month trial, a constitutional violation exists. To the extent
that recent reforms enable more students to receive a sound
basic education, the State will have the opportunity on remittal to
present evidence of such developments.
For similar reasons, we cannot join the dissent in attaching
significance to State budget figures showing that in 2002-2003,
"the City enrolled 37 percent of the State's public school
population and was allocated 37 percent of the combined major
aid enacted" (dissent at 14). Presumably the dissent cites this
figure as proof that any inequalities in the funding system have
been remedied since trial. But under Levittown and CFE, plaintiffs
have a right not to equal State funding but to schools that
provide the opportunity for a sound basic education.
Aside from this, even assuming the 2002-2003 figures -- which
were not part of the record -- were properly before us, the
dissent misstates their significance. They are based on total
aidable pupil units ("TAPU," Education Law § 3602 (/nyctapcgi/ez-nylaw?EDN+3602)[8][ii]) and thus would demonstrate not
that the City's funding share equaled its enrollment share, but
that its funding share equaled its attendance share -- a significant
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