A/HRC/22/50/Add.2 more so in the case of Cameroon, where levels of prison overcrowding are high,10 due, in particular, to excessive recourse to pretrial detention. Indigenous peoples 15. The indigenous communities of Cameroon comprise the indigenous forest people, or “Pygmies”, who live from hunting, fishing and gathering (the Bagyeli or Bakola, Baka and Bedzan); the nomadic Mbororo herders (the Wodaabe, Jafun, and Galegi); and the people of the Kirdi mountain communities. The total number of Pygmies is estimated at 40,000– 50,000, representing approximately 0.25 per cent of the total population. The Mbororo are a larger group, consisting of approximately 1.85 million persons (about 9 per cent of the total population), and include the Wodaabe (in the North), the Jafun (all regions) and the Galegi (the East, Adamaoua, West and North-West regions). The Kirdi, whose numbers are unknown, live in the Mandara mountains in the North.11 16. There are no reliable national statistics on the socioeconomic situation of indigenous peoples. However, several studies have shown that indigenous communities in Cameroon are particularly at risk when it comes to the enjoyment of the right to adequate food. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the various efforts undertaken to combat discrimination against indigenous peoples and to ensure that particular attention is afforded to them in public policymaking. He encourages the Government to build on its efforts by giving specific recognition to indigenous groups in accordance with international law. As has been noted by the United Nations human rights treaty bodies and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the terminology currently used to designate indigenous peoples is not in line with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.12 This situation should be remedied in the bill on marginal groups that is currently being drafted. 17. According to the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, indigenous peoples “shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return” (art. 10). Furthermore, States should take “effective measures to ensure that this right is protected and also to ensure that indigenous peoples can understand and be understood in political, legal and administrative proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other appropriate means” (art. 13). 18. Pygmies rely for their livelihood on hunting and gathering, as well as non-timber forest products (honey, wild yams, caterpillars, fruit, snails, etc.). They therefore rely directly on access to forests for their food, and forests are an integral part of their cultural identity. However, from his meetings with various groups of Pygmies, the Special Rapporteur has concluded that, to date, the views of these communities have not been taken into account in decisions concerning the concession of territory on which they rely for their subsistence. Furthermore, these groups do not generally benefit in any way from the exploitation of their land by the forest industry. 10 11 12 6 At the time of the visit, there were 3,900 prisoners in Yaoundé’s central prison, which has a capacity of 2,000. IWGIA, The Indigenous World – 2012, p. 475; ILO, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples and Poverty Reduction Strategies in Cameroon, 2005, p. 23. African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Cameroon Concluding Observations and Recommendations on the 3rd Periodic Report on Cameroon, 47th Ordinary Session ACHPR, 12–26 May 2010. GE.12-18864