movements for a new constitution. The adoption of a new constitution that protects the human right to adequate food and all human rights for all will therefore mark a new start. V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 58. The Special Rapporteur found that Bolivia was in a dramatic moment of transition. Concrete change is essential to resolve serious social crisis and past failures to eradicate malnutrition and extreme poverty. He was impressed by the efforts of the current Government to focus attention on the tragedy of malnutrition and extreme poverty that affects such a large proportion of the population. He welcomes the President’s success in increasing the budget of the Government to ensure that all Bolivians benefit from its oil and gas exports. Redistribution of some of the benefits of Bolivia’s natural wealth should enable the Government to begin to redress expanding inequalities and help to realize the right to food for all Bolivians. The adoption of the new constitution that recognizes the right to food of all Bolivians would be an important step towards this change. 59. Finally, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer some recommendations: (a) The new constitution, recognizing the right to food and the right to water as fundamental rights, should be adopted. It would provide a useful framework for the right to food in Bolivia. The practical implications of its main principles, such as the recognition of the direct applicability of all human rights, including the rights to food and water, and of the international human rights treaties, should be explained through a national campaign. (b) Framework laws on the right to food and the right to water should be adopted to fully entrench these rights, and allow for the identification of concrete goals, monitoring mechanisms and the allocation of responsibilities across all relevant ministries. Due consideration should be given to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights general comment No. 12 (1999) on the right to adequate food (art. 11) and the FAO Voluntary Guidelines to support the progressive realization of the right to adequate food in the context of national food security. All relevant actors should participate in this process, including the Government, the Office of the Ombudsman, civil society, including social movements, and all the United Nations agencies. (c) Mechanisms of empowerment and accountability, and the possibility for victims to have access to effective remedies in case of violations of the right to food should be strengthened. The administration of justice should be more transparent and available for victims, including indigenous communities. The Office of the Ombudsman should create a special unit working on the right to food and the right to water, provided with adequate human and financial resources. The Government should take due account of all the recommendations of the Ombudsman. (d) A comprehensive national development strategy for food security and food sovereignty, framed around the right to food, should be elaborated and implemented. The strategy should reflect the obligations of the State to respect, protect, and fulfil the right to food without discrimination. The strategy should focus on eradicating malnutrition and on reversing the extreme inequality that has resulted from export-orientated trade in agriculture, by investing in small-scale peasant agriculture, implementing effective agrarian reform and protecting the rights of peasants and indigenous peoples over their land, water and own seeds. (e) The Government should accord the maximum of available resources to ensure that constant progress is made in combating the tragedy of malnutrition and extreme poverty. This must include directing new resources from the hydrocarbon tax directly to the Zero Malnutrition Programme and the programme Renta Vitalicia Dignidad, both at the national level and at the municipal level. As 60 per cent of the increased State revenues from the direct hydrocarbon tax is allocated directly to municipalities and prefecturas, these regional administrations must be encouraged to direct these funds towards these programme priorities. The progressive realization of the right to food should be monitored as part of the Government’s national policy. Indicators should include not only statistics on malnutrition, but also statistics on under-nourishment, poverty and inequality. (f) The eradication of slave-like conditions of bonded labour must be a priority and all labourers should be freed from their debt or other forms of bondage. The programme of agrarian reform should also be speeded up to regularize land titles, improve protection of the lands of indigenous communities and improve access to land for campesinos, communities and rural families. ----*The summary of the report is being circulated in all official languages. The report itself, contained in the annex to the summary, is being circulated in the language of submission and Spanish only. [1]See United Nations and Ministry of Health National Council for Food and Nutrition (CONAN), Support to the implementation of the national Zero Malnutrition Programme (2007). [2]United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Objectivos de Desarollo del Milenio: La Paz (2007). [3]Unidad de Análisis de Políticas Sociales y Económicas (UDAPE), Naciones Unidas, Organización Internacional del Trabajo, Pueblos Indígenas Orginarios y Objectivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (2006). [4] World Bank, Bolivia: Towards a New Social Contract, A Country Social Analysis (2006), volume 2 available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTSOCIALDEV/Resources/ 3177394-1168615404141/BoliviaCSAVolumeTwo18jul06.pdf.