E/C.12/UKR/CO/6 Health-care system 19. The Committee is concerned that the proportion of gross domestic product allocated to health-care expenditure is low. It is also concerned that, despite the reforms implemented in the health system, there are many remaining problems that adversely affect the enjoyment of the right to health care by the population. The problems include high healthcare costs, informal payments demanded of patients, the inadequate infrastructure of the primary health-care system, outdated medical equipment, the quality and availability of health-care services, especially in rural areas and for disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups, the shortage of certain drugs and the drop in vaccination coverage (art. 12). The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Progressively increase health-care expenditure as a proportion of gross domestic product with a view to giving practical expression to its obligation to fulfil the right to health under the Covenant and the State party’s Constitution; (b) Take measures to further improve the infrastructure of the primary health-care system, including dental care; (c) Take specific measures to address the problems of high health-care costs, the shortage of certain drugs and the limited availability of health-care services, especially in rural areas, in order to ensure de facto access to affordable, good quality and timely health care and medical treatment for all segments of the population, including disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups; (d) Reverse the current negative trend in vaccination coverage. Mortality rates 20. The Committee is concerned that, despite the progress made in reducing the infant, child and maternal mortality rates, they remain high (art. 12). The Committee recommends that the State party step up its efforts with a view to further reducing the high rates of infant, child and maternal mortality, including by improving the quality, availability and accessibility of medical assistance throughout the country. Access to emergency medical care for asylum seekers 21. The Committee is concerned that asylum seekers do not have access to free emergency medical care and can rarely afford the high costs of such care (arts. 2, para. 2, and 12). The Committee recommends that the State party take all the necessary measures to guarantee that asylum seekers have full access to free emergency medical care. HIV/AIDS 22. The Committee is concerned that, despite the progress made in preventing and combating HIV/AIDS, the prevalence of HIV remains high owing to the limited coverage of adequate testing, periodic shortages of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, the lack of laboratory monitoring and low antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage (47 per cent in 2012). The 8