E/C.12/SDN/CO/2 C. (b) The adoption of the Disabilities Act, in 2009; (c) The establishment of the National Human Rights Commission. Principal subjects of concern and recommendations Domestic application of the Covenant 5. The Committee is concerned that: (a) the lack of explicit recognition of several Covenant rights in the State party’s Constitution weakens their protection; (b) there are no mechanisms for ensuring compliance of the laws of the constituent states with the Covenant and therefore legal provisions that are incompatible with the Covenant are still in force in the State party; and (c) the Convention has not been invoked by or before courts in the State party. 6. The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) incorporate all Covenant rights in its Constitution; (b) undertake a comprehensive review of federal and state laws with a view to bringing them into conformity with the Covenant; (c) put into place a mechanism to ensure that draft laws introduced and adopted by constituent states comply with the Covenant; (d) raise awareness of the Covenant and its justiciability among the general public and legal professionals, including through their training programmes; and (e) take the recommendations contained in the present concluding observations into account in its legal reforms. The Committee refers the State party to its general comment No. 9 (1998) on the domestic application of the Covenant. Access to remedies 7. The Committee is concerned at the limited access to justice in the State party, which deprives victims of effective remedies for violations of economic, social and cultural rights. The Committee is also concerned at reports of harassment and intimidation of defenders of economic, social and cultural rights, and of violent repression of actions aimed at claiming Covenant rights. (art. 2) 8. Recalling the obligation of the State party to provide judicial or other effective remedies, the Committee recommends that the State party: (a) step up efforts to train more legal professionals; (b) expand the reach of justice services and law enforcement outside urban areas; (c) ensure that legal aid is in fact available to victims and defendants; (d) promote access to mechanisms, including non-judicial ones, for lodging complaints for violations of economic, social and cultural rights; and (e) ensure that those involved in customary justice are aware of the rights covered by the Covenant. The Committee urges the State party to condemn and punish acts of harassment, intimidation or violence against individuals claiming their Covenant rights and to take appropriate measures against those found responsible for such acts. The Committee refers the State party to its general comment No. 3 (1990) on the nature of State parties’ obligations. National human rights institution 9. The Committee is concerned that the National Human Rights Commission is not in full compliance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (Paris Principles). The Committee is also concerned, in the context of limited resources in the State party, at the existence of numerous public bodies with a human rights mandate. 2

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