Chapter 4 | Page 182
collection. At the same time, they provide a good basis on which to develop
some core themes and constructs that can inform policy options within
individual countries to enhance the State’s capacity to maximise domestic
revenue, which is essential for implementing ESC rights policies. These core
constructs can help to guide the process of strengthening policymaking in
these interrelated areas.
First among the most urgent policy initiatives is the need to strengthen aspects
of good governance, including responsiveness and accountability of the State
to citizens and their needs, which can enhance the State’s legitimacy as it
seeks to address the many challenges associated with revenue generation.
The ‘new fiscal sociology’ approach focuses on the importance of taxation to
good governance and the process of ‘building State institutions that are
responsive, accountable and competent.’195 There is historical evidence of the
relationship between the ways in which States raise revenue and how they are
governed.196 This approach provides a fiscal management blueprint that
States can use to maximise resource generation.
An effective taxation system requires, among other things, appropriately
structured institutions and tax policies that minimise the effects of corruption.
Tax policies and institutional design should be, in Joseph Stiglitz’s words,
corruption resistant tax structures.197 He argues that a fundamental aspect of
designing a corruption-resistant tax structure is the observability and
verifiability of the tax design.198 For these characteristics to be effective,
information management and understanding information limitations related to
taxation are crucial.199 Resource governance and anti-corruption measures
are discussed in more detail in Chapter 8.
195
Keen, above n 13.
196
Moore, above n 89.
197
Stiglitz, above n 29.
198
Ibid.
199
Ibid.
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