Chapter 1 | Page 9
inputs.25 Therefore, in order to unpack the concept of ‘maximum available
resources’, the following elements need to be considered.
1.2.2 Defining ‘resources’
The concept of resources is abstruse and difficult to define within a simple set
of parameters. Resources represent a whole gamut of meanings within
economics, politics and public policy, in addition to the understanding of
resources in the legal language of the Covenant.
In common usage, ‘resources’ can be defined as ‘stock or supply of money,
materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or
organisation in order to function effectively’.26 Even this simple definition
encompasses multiple elements and dimensions that are applicable for a
comprehensive understanding of the concept. The ESCR Committee
elucidates that ‘resources’ in the Covenant refer to ‘all resources’ at a State’s
disposition.27 This includes both domestic and international resources that the
State has ‘access to’.28 However, despite these general parameters, the
concept of resources at the disposition of the State or that which it has access
to solicits further refining in order to make such definitions practical in human
rights policy and advocacy.
Clearly, any discussion of resources available to the State must include the
government’s budgetary resources as a key component. While financial
resources are most easily identifiable, some scholars argue that the definition
of resources should also include non-financial dimensions to comprise natural
resources,
technological resources,
human
resources, environmental
25
See for example, Skogly, above n 14.
26
Oxford Dictionaries (Online), Oxford University Press
<http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/>.
27
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No 3: The Nature
of States Parties Obligations (Art. 2, par.1), 5th sess, UN Doc E/1991/23 (14 December
1990), [10].
28
An evaluation of the Obligation to take steps to the "Maximum Available Resources" under
an Optional Protocol to the Covenant, E/C.12/2007/1, above n 19, 4.
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