Chapter 3 | Page 100
policy horizons of resource mobilisation and allocation to include fiscal and
monetary policy dimensions.
One of the best models of public sector financial resources in the context of
ESC rights is the ‘Maximum Available Resources Star’ (‘MAR Star’) approach
proposed by Balakrishnan et al, which provides a broader conceptual
framework for the financial resources dimension.10 The ‘MAR Star’ approach
includes government expenditure, government revenue, development
assistance, debt and deficit financing, and monetary policy and financial
regulation as core constituents of the maximum available resources for the
realisation of ESC rights (see Figure 1 below).
Government
Expenditure
Monetary
Policy &
Financial
Debt and Deficit
Financing
Government
Revenue
Development
Assistance
Figure 1: ‘Maximum Available Resources Star’ (‘MAR Star’)
Source: Balakrishnan et al (2011, p 5).
The ‘MAR Star’ approach is robust in that it covers many key aspects of the
public finance management process within a State, such as taxation, monetary
policy, fiscal policy and planning and budgetary policies, and has the potential
to provide a clearer picture of what resources are actually and potentially
available for the State. Despite this, the model does not adequately capture
10
Radhika Balakrishnan et al, Maximum Available Resources & Human Rights: Analytical
Report (Center for Women’s Global Leadership, New Jersey, 2011).
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