Chapter 3 | Page 102 The model envisions a proactive policy stance on the part of the State, which is grounded in the recognition that State intervention and participation are necessary for the economy and society to function effectively and to ensure equality and fairness in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth and development. The approach also pays attention to the key role of government in maintaining the momentum of growth, creating jobs and investment in social and physical infrastructure that allow private entrepreneurship to flourish,15 and balancing human rights obligations with those related to the regulation of the market and conditions of competition. The active engagement of the State with the market and society helps to extend its policy objectives16 and the resulting synergy creates the conditions for the realisation of ESC rights. This role of the State is represented in the model by incorporating various policy approaches for maximising the mobilisation of resources from different sources and ensuring that these resources are effectively allocated and governed. In addition to the human rights case for States to be more active in addressing resource mobilisation, allocation and governance from an ESC rights perspective, key assumptions of this model are based on the notion of the State as a proactive player in the economy and society17 through active political involvement of citizens, effective mechanisms of political participation and dialogue, public policies focused on achieving a healthy society and economy and effective mechanisms for distributing society’s resources and addressing human rights requirements. This approach does not oppose policies of deregulation, privatisation and market solutions to society’s needs. On the contrary, it encourages the State to be more responsive and creative in engaging with societal, market and international forces to ensure that its 15 For example, Jonah D Levy, The State After Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalization (Harvard University Press, 2006). 16 For example, Federico Caprotti, 'Financial crisis, activist states and (missed) opportunities' (2009) 5(1/2) Critical perspectives on international business 78-84; M Ramesh and Ian Holliday, 'The Health Care Miracle in East and Southeast Asia: Activist State Provision in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore' (2001) 30(04) Journal of Social Policy 637-651. 17 For example see, Arthur Lewis, 'The State of Development Theory' (1984) 5(8) American Economic Review; Albert O Hirschman, 'Exit, Voice, and the State' (1978) 31(1) World Politics 90-107.