75. The right provided for under Article 13(1) of the African Charter is extended to 'every citizen' and its
denial can only be justified by reason of legal incapacity or that the individual is not a citizen of a particular
State. Legal incapacity may not necessarily mean mental incapacity. For example a State may fix an age
limit for the legibility of its own citizens to participate in its government. Legal incapacity, as a justification
for denying the right under Article 13(1) can only come into play by invoking provisions of the law that
conform to internationally acceptable norms and standards.
76. The provisions of Article 13(1) of the African Charter are similar in substance to those provided for
under Article 25
× Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without any of the distinctions mentioned in article 2
and without unreasonable restrictions:
1. To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives;
2. To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal
suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the
electors;
3. To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country.
of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]. In interpreting Article 13(1) of the African
Charter, the African Commission would like to endorse the clarification provided by the [UN] Human Rights
Committee in relation to Article 25
× Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without any of the distinctions mentioned in article 2
and without unreasonable restrictions:
1. To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives;
2. To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal
suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the
electors;
3. To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country.
. The [UN] Human Rights Committee has expressed that any conditions applicable to the exercise of Article
25
× Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without any of the distinctions mentioned in article 2
and without unreasonable restrictions:
1. To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives;
2. To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal
suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the
electors;
3. To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country.
rights should be based on objective and reasonable criteria established by law. 17 Besides the view held by
the Respondent State questioning the mental ability of mentally disabled patients to make informed choices
in relation to their civic duties and obligations, it is very clear that there are no objective bases within the
legal system of the Respondent State to exclude mentally disabled persons from political participation.
77. The Complainants submit that the scheme and operation of the LDA both violate the right to health
provided for in Article 16 of the African Charter when read with Article 18(4) of the African Charter.
78. Article 16 of the African Charter provides: "1. Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best
attainable state of physical and mental health.
2. State Parties to the present Charter shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their
people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are sick."
79. Article 18(4) of the African Charter which provides: "The aged and disabled shall also have the right to
special measures of protection in keeping with their physical or moral needs."
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